BOLALARDA INFEKSION KASALLIKLARDAN KEYINGI NEVROLOGIK ASORATLAR: ZAMONAVIY KLINIK VA PATOFIZIOLOGIK YONDASHUVLAR
Abstract
Bolalar organizmi immun tizimining to‘liq shakllanmaganligi va markaziy asab tizimining rivojlanish bosqichida bo‘lishi sababli infeksion kasalliklarning salbiy ta'siriga ayniqsa sezgir hisoblanadi. So‘nggi yillarda respirator virusli infeksiyalar, enteroviruslar, gripp, COVID-19, qizamiq, suvchechak, bakterial meningit va boshqa infeksion kasalliklardan so‘ng rivojlanadigan nevrologik asoratlar sonining ortib borayotgani kuzatilmoqda. Ushbu asoratlar yengil va vaqtinchalik funksional buzilishlardan tortib, markaziy va periferik asab tizimining og‘ir organik zararlanishlarigacha bo‘lgan keng klinik spektrni qamrab oladi.
Infeksion kasalliklardan keyingi nevrologik o‘zgarishlar bevosita mikroorganizmlarning nerv to‘qimasiga invaziyasi yoki organizmning infeksiyaga javob tariqasida yuzaga keladigan immun va yallig‘lanish reaksiyalari natijasida rivojlanadi. Sitokinlar ishlab chiqarilishining ortishi, qon-miya to‘sig‘i o'tkazuvchanligining buzilishi, oksidlovchi stress va autoimmun mexanizmlar neyronlar, glial hujayralar hamda miyelin qobig‘ining zararlanishiga olib keladi. Natijada ensefalit, meningoensefalit, o'tkir tarqalgan ensefalomiyelit (ADEM), periferik neyropatiyalar, epileptik tutqanoqlar, kognitiv buzilishlar va harakat koordinatsiyasi bilan bog‘liq o‘zgarishlar rivojlanishi mumkin.
Mazkur maqolaning maqsadi bolalarda infeksion kasalliklardan keyingi nevrologik asoratlarning patogenezi, klinik ko‘rinishlari, diagnostikasi va zamonaviy davolash tamoyillarini so‘nggi ilmiy ma'lumotlar asosida tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, kasallikni erta aniqlash, zamonaviy neyrodiagnostik usullarni qo‘llash hamda multidissiplinar davolash yondashuvi og‘ir asoratlarning oldini olish va bolalarning uzoq muddatli nevrologik prognozini yaxshilashda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
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