PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH XENOTRANSPLANTATION IN FACIAL SOFT TISSUE DEFORMITIES

Abstract

The incorporation of xenotransplantation materials into recipient tissues represents a complex biological process characterized by successive inflammatory, regenerative, and remodeling responses. Morphological assessment of the implantation site provides important information regarding tissue compatibility, the intensity of the local inflammatory reaction, and the progression of reparative processes. In the present experimental study, the tissue response to xenotransplant materials of different animal origins was evaluated using a morphological approach. Particular attention was given to the temporal development of inflammatory changes, connective tissue formation, vascularization, cellular proliferation, and maturation of the extracellular matrix. The obtained findings demonstrated a gradual transition from an acute inflammatory response during the early postoperative period to active tissue regeneration and subsequent structural remodeling. The nature and intensity of these changes varied according to the biological origin of the xenotransplant material.