IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BIODIVERSITY
Keywords:
climate change, biodiversity, anthropogenic factor, anthropogenic impact, ecosystem, phenology, ecological balance, global warming, drought, biodiversity monitoring.Abstract
Abstract: This article systematically analyzes the effects of contemporary climate change on biological diversity. The study examines the mechanisms through which rising global temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, droughts, heatwaves, extreme hydro-meteorological events, ocean warming and acidification affect species, populations and ecosystems. Particular attention is paid to the anthropogenic factor—including fossil-fuel combustion, deforestation, intensive use of land and water resources, urbanization, pollution, and habitat fragmentation—which, in combination with climate change, intensifies pressure on biodiversity. The article synthesizes findings from long-term ecological observations, phenological studies, experimental warming, and trophic manipulation experiments. Changes in flowering periods, bird migration, insect development, and mismatches within food webs are analyzed on the basis of scientific evidence. The vulnerability of mountain, desert, riverine, and Aral Sea region ecosystems in Uzbekistan to climate-related risks is also examined. The findings demonstrate the need to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, protect and restore natural habitats, develop ecological corridors, manage water resources sustainably, and strengthen long-term biodiversity monitoring in order to conserve biodiversity.
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