ANCIENT TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES USED IN SAMARKAND JEWELRY
Abstract
This thesis examines the ancient technologies and traditional methods used in jewelry produced by the Samarkand goldsmithing school, one of the most distinguished centers of decorative-applied arts in Central Asia. Based on historical, archaeological, and art-historical sources, the study analyzes the materials, manufacturing processes, ornamentation systems, and craftsmanship principles that shaped Samarkand jewelry from antiquity to the late medieval period. Special attention is given to metal casting, engraving, filigree, granulation, stone setting, gilding, alloy preparation, and hand-finishing techniques. The paper also evaluates the relevance of these historical practices for modern industrial design, sustainable production, ergonomic aesthetics, and contemporary jewelry innovation. Samarkand masters created objects that combined functionality, symbolic value, durability, and refined visual identity. Their technological heritage remains an important resource for designers seeking to integrate cultural authenticity with modern production systems.
References
1. Pugachenkova, G. A. Applied Arts of Central Asia. Tashkent: Fan Publishers.
2. Rtveladze, E. V. Ancient Samarkand and Its Craft Traditions. Tashkent.
3. Marshak, B. I. The Art of Sogdiana. Moscow.
4. Burton, J. Islamic Metalwork and Ornament. London.
5. Smithsonian Institution. Traditional Jewelry Techniques of Asia. Research Publications.
6. UNESCO Reports on Silk Road Craft Heritage.
7. Allan, J. W. Islamic Metalwork: The Nuhad Es-Said Collection. London.
8. Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. Archaeological Reports on Afrasiyab Excavations.
